The earth is shrouded in an atmosphere that protects it from the ultraviolet rays of the sun. Environmental science today deals with air pollution. The atmosphere of our planet suffers from regular emissions of harmful gases and heavy metals, because of this climatic zones are violated.
Causes of air pollution
The main reason for this is the regular release of various chemicals into the atmosphere. This happens due to natural phenomena and human activities. And the latter plays a huge role in this. Hydrocarbon fuel and its combustion, during the operation of power plants and internal combustion engines, are the main causes of air pollution.
Due to human activities, harmful gases such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon dioxide and dust are emitted into the atmosphere. Huge manufacturing enterprises emit millions of tons of dust and particles into the environment. Carbon dioxide is one of the sources of pollution, it is attributed to gases that have a greenhouse effect. Such gases, there is nothing like a layer that does not allow the Earth and space to carry out normal heat transfer functions.
Due to the fact that carbon dioxide accumulates in the upper atmosphere, a significant increase in the level of water can occur.Climatic zones can begin to shift, this can lead to droughts and floods. The number of parasites may increase and people's health may deteriorate.
The ozone layer and its destruction is a global issue of air pollution. The ozone layer, which absorbs the sun's rays, begins to decay due to emissions (bromine, chlorine). Acid oxides and other substances that have ascended into the atmosphere contribute to such a phenomenon as acid rain.
Values used to assess pollution:
- the concentration of vapor in the air (average);
- quadratic deviation;
- impurity concentration.
Human exposure to air pollution
Poor air leads to poor human health. This problem especially concerns residents of large cities. They have nausea, headache, drying out of the mucous membranes, in rare cases, a fatal outcome occurs. In such cities, asthma, allergies, and diseases associated with the upper respiratory tract are increasing. Air quality also negatively affects the fauna and flora.
How to reduce air pollution?
To solve this problem in large cities, it is necessary to use purification filters, non-waste production and greening industrial areas at large industrial enterprises. To reduce emissions of automobile transport, it is necessary to install purification filters on the exhaust pipes, add impurities to the fuel that exclude lead content, and it is also necessary to establish the production of eco-cars.
All highways must be separated from residential buildings using green spaces.If possible, large enterprises should be located outside the city. In agriculture, for fertilizing farmland, it is necessary to use fertilizers from compost and manure in order to exclude the use of chemical fertilizers.
Many governments are creating a regulatory framework that regulates emissions of harmful substances into the air. And only the joint efforts of each inhabitant of the planet will help in solving this problem.
